sign(z)

The sign function, which is also called signum, returns the sign of z. z may be any numeric expression that evaluates to a real number or a complex number. When z is a real number, sign(z) returns 1 for z>0 and -1 for z<0. sign(z) returns 0 for z=0. When z evaluates to a complex number, sign(z) returns z/abs(z).

u(z)

u(z) is commonly known as the unit step function. z may be any numeric expression that evaluates to a real number. The function is undefined when z has an imaginary part. u(z) returns 1 for z≥0 and 0 for z<0.

min(A,B,...)

The min function returns the minimum value of its arguments. min can take any number of arguments not less than 2. The arguments may be any numeric expressions that evaluate to real numbers or complex numbers. If the arguments are complex numbers, the function returns min(re(A), re(B), ...) + min(im(A), im(B), ...)i.

max(A,B,...)

The max function returns the maximum value of its arguments. max can take any number of arguments not less than 2. The arguments may be any numeric expressions that evaluate to real numbers or complex numbers. If the arguments are complex numbers, the function returns max(re(A), re(B), ...) + max(im(A), im(B), ...)i.

range(A,z,B)

The range function returns z, if z is greater than A and less than B. If z < A then A is returned. If z > B then B is returned. The arguments may be any numeric expressions that evaluate to real numbers or complex numbers. The function has the same effect as max(A, min(z, B)).

if(cond1, f1, cond2, f2, ... , condn, fn [,fz])

The if function evaluates cond1 and if it is different from 0 then f1 is evaluated and returned. Else cond2 is evaluated and if it is different from 0 then f2 is returned and so forth. If none of the conditions are true fz is returned. fz is optional and if not specified if returns an error if none of the conditions are true. The arguments may be any numeric expressions that evaluate to real numbers or complex numbers.